Activities

Students should:

• Understand that the properties of a substance is a product of its underlying structure and be able to relate specific properties to specific structures.
• be aware that exceptions to general properties may be explained by more detailed examination of structure.
• know the three types of bonding and the structures that may arise from them.
• be able to predict the bonding used by given elements.
• be able to suggest reasons for the use of everyday materials for different purposes.
• be familiar with the vocabulary for describing physical properties

Types of bonding

revise electronic configurations and discuss properties of elements in the periodic table related to electronic configurations

• Ionic bonding (metal - non-metal) Transfer of electrons, formation of ions with full outer shells, electrostatic attraction, giant structure.
• Properties of ionic solids, limited to crystallinity, high m.p., solubility in water, conductors when molten or dissolve

• Covalent bonding (non-metal / non-metal) Sharing electrons to get full outer shells, simple molecules or giant covalent structures, weak forces between molecules.
• Properties of covalent materials.
• Differentiate between giant (diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide) and simple (sugars, iodine, noble gases) non-conductors, soluble in non-polar solvents, low m.p.

• Metallic structure
• Non-stoichiometric relationships in alloys.
• Properties adjusted to requirements.
• Plastics, glass and other structures.